Secondary Sources

Sibyl Diver, Daniel Ahrens, Talia Arbit, Karen Bakker; Engaging Colonial Entanglements:

“Treatment as a State” Policy for Indigenous Water Co-Governance. Global Environmental Politics 33–56 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00517 Treatment as a state (TAS) programs have been put in place to improve drinking water quality and indigenous self determination but this study studies whether these programs are effective or not. Indigenous water governance is complicated because indigenous self determination is unclear, and the power to design water governance systems are largely in the hands of the us. Additionally water systems are shared, thus responsibility of pollution levels coming from upstream, off reservations users, also complicates things further.

Bradford LE, Okpalauwaekwe U, Waldner CL, Bharadwaj LA, Drinking water quality in Indigenous

communities in Canada and health outcomes: a scoping review. Int J Circumpolar Health (2016). doi: 10.3402/ijch.v75.32336. PMID: 27478143; PMCID: PMC4967713. A study on how Indigenous communities in Canada drink water quality below that of the general population, looking at First Nations water and health outcomes. Study claims there needs to be more participatory research to understand relationship between drinking water quality and health outcomes in First Nation communities in Canada.